10% population dead, 1 million deaths
Justice and Reconciliation
Establish of ICTR (International Crime Tribunal for Rwanda)
Low efficiency against the participants: By 1998, total prison population 130,000, but 1,200 bought before courts
Gacaca Courts: people from local community were elected as judges to try cases before the peers. - 2 million cases in ten years - challenge: neighbors turned on each other; spoken witness being murdered in some cases
Political Impact
RPF gaining power after 1994
stressed nationalism “Rwandaness”, abolished ethnicity discrimintation
RPF controlled the mechanism over: - media, state beuracracy, bank, security service, etc.
Economic Impact
45% people in poverty, less than 1.5$ per day
strong reliance on agriculture - 75% people tied to agriculture, coffee, and tea; 80% of export
Social impact
woman
since the majority of victims in the genocide were men, women became central in social reconstruction and economic development
66% households headed by women; two thirds of the parliaments were women; gender right included in constitution
refugee
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UNHCR aimed to restart refugee’s life
challenges in refugee camps: - extremists and killers have strong influence/ retained control over large population in the refugee camps - food/aid distribution, deal with Interhamwe - sorting out killers from refugees